1 <!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd">
3 <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
4 <simpara>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</simpara>
6 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
7 <ulink url="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</ulink>
10 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
11 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
13 <bridgehead id="section0" renderas="sect2">
17 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
18 functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom:
19 to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
20 or without modifying it, either commercially or
21 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
22 publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
23 responsible for modifications made by others.
26 This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that
27 derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
28 sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
29 license designed for free software.
32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
34 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
35 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
36 for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
37 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
38 works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
40 <bridgehead id="section1" renderas="sect2">
41 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
44 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
45 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
46 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
47 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
48 under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below,
49 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
50 and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy,
51 modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
55 A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing
56 the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
57 modifications and/or translated into another language.
60 A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter
61 section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
62 the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
63 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
64 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
65 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
66 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
67 with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
68 philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
71 The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
72 titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
73 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
74 does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
75 be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
76 Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
80 The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
81 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
82 that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
83 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
86 A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable
87 copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
88 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
89 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
90 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
91 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
92 automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
93 formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
94 markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
95 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
96 not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
97 not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
100 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
101 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
102 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
103 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
104 image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
105 formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
106 SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
107 available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
108 some word processors for output purposes only.
111 The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page
112 itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
113 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
114 formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
115 means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
116 title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
119 The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes
120 copies of the Document to the public.
123 A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
124 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
125 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
126 for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
127 “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”,
128 “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
129 the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that
130 it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this
134 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
135 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
136 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
137 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
138 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
139 meaning of this License.
141 <bridgehead id="section2" renderas="sect2">
145 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
146 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
147 notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
148 Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
149 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
150 measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
151 copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
152 exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
153 must also follow the conditions in section 3.
156 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
157 may publicly display copies.
159 <bridgehead id="section3" renderas="sect2">
160 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
163 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
164 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
165 Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
166 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
167 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
168 back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
169 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
170 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
171 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
172 the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
173 these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
176 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
177 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
178 actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
181 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
182 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
183 along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
184 computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
185 access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
186 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
187 latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
188 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
189 copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
190 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
191 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
194 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
195 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
196 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
198 <bridgehead id="section4" renderas="sect2">
202 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
203 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
204 Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
205 filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
206 modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
207 addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
209 <orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
212 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
213 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
214 should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
215 Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
216 original publisher of that version gives permission.
221 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
222 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
223 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
224 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
225 unless they release you from this requirement.
230 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
231 Version, as the publisher.
236 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
241 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
242 the other copyright notices.
247 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
248 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
249 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
254 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
255 and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
261 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
266 Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its
267 Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
268 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
269 Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
270 Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
271 of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
272 describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
277 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
278 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
279 network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
280 based on. These may be placed in the “History”
281 section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
282 at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
283 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
288 For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or
289 “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and
290 preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
291 contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
296 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
297 their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
298 not considered part of the section titles.
303 Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
304 may not be included in the Modified Version.
309 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
310 “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
316 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
321 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
322 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
323 Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
324 as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
325 Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles
326 must be distinct from any other section titles.
329 You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it
330 contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
331 parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text
332 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
336 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
337 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
338 Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
339 and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
340 by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
341 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
342 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
343 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
344 that added the old one.
347 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
348 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
349 endorsement of any Modified Version.
351 <bridgehead id="section5" renderas="sect2">
352 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
355 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
356 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
357 provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
358 of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
359 Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
360 you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
363 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
364 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
365 are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
366 make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
367 parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
368 if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
369 titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
373 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
374 “History” in the various original documents, forming one
375 section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections
376 Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
377 “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
378 “Endorsements”.
380 <bridgehead id="section6" renderas="sect2">
381 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
384 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
385 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
386 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
387 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
388 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
391 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
392 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
393 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
394 respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
396 <bridgehead id="section7" renderas="sect2">
397 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
400 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
401 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
402 distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright
403 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
404 the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
405 permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
406 not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
407 derivative works of the Document.
410 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
411 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
412 aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
413 bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
414 covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
415 on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
417 <bridgehead id="section8" renderas="sect2">
421 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
422 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
423 Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
424 their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
425 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
426 Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
427 license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
428 that you also include the original English version of this License and the
429 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
430 disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
431 License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
434 If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
435 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
436 (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
437 changing the actual title.
439 <bridgehead id="section9" renderas="sect2">
443 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
444 expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
445 modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
446 terminate your rights under this License.
449 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
450 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
451 and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
452 license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
453 of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
457 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
458 permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
459 reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
460 violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
461 you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
464 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
465 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
466 License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
467 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
468 give you any rights to use it.
470 <bridgehead id="section10" renderas="sect2">
471 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
474 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
475 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
476 similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
477 address new problems or concerns. See
478 <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</ulink>.
481 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
482 the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
483 “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
484 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
485 any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
486 Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
487 this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
488 by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
489 can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
490 proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
491 authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
493 <bridgehead id="section11" renderas="sect2">
497 “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
498 Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
499 works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
500 works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
501 server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or
502 “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
503 works thus published on the MMC site.
506 “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
507 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
508 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
509 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
510 by that same organization.
513 “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in
514 whole or in part, as part of another Document.
517 An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under
518 this License, and if all works that were first published under this
519 License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
520 whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
521 sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
524 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
525 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
526 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
528 <bridgehead id="addendum" renderas="sect2">
529 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
532 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
533 License in the document and put the following copyright and license
534 notices just after the title page:
536 <screen>Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME
538 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
539 terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
540 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
541 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
542 the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</screen>
544 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
545 replace the “with… Texts.” line with this:
547 <screen>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
548 being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</screen>
550 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
551 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
555 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
556 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
557 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
558 use in free software.